The study of the relationship between translation and literary and theatre culture is a pertinent topic for a history of translation that takes into account both the history of mentalities and the nature of the strategies and procedures used. Which texts were translated and by which translators? What effects did they have on the Portuguese and Spanish literary and cultural systems? What power relations were established between the movements to affirm national culture and the waves of imitation of French literary and theatrical culture? The studies presented in this volume contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between France and the Iberian Peninsula, through translation, between the 18th and 21st centuries.